Evil Reaps Darkness in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay examples -- Macbeth

Insidious Reaps Darkness in Macbeth   By their deeds you will know them is a Biblical entry which appears to express an exercise repeated in Shakespeare's Macbeth. We expect to look at intently the dull future which the Macbeths merited in view of their wicked direct.  A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy remarks on the dimness inside the play:  The vision of the blade, the homicide of Duncan, the homicide of Banquo, the rest strolling of Lady Macbeth, all come in night scenes. The Witches move in the thick demeanor of a tempest or, 'dark and 12 PM witches', get Macbeth in a sinkhole. The obscurity of night is to the saint a thing of dread, even of ghastliness; and that which he feels turns into the soul of the play. The swoon glimmerings of the western sky at nightfall are here threatening: it is the hour when the explorer hurries to arrive at security in his motel, and when Banquo rides back home t meet his professional killers; the hour when 'light thickens', when 'night's dark specialists to their prey do awaken', when the wolf starts to cry, and the owl to shout, and wilted homicide takes forward to his work. (307)  In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson recognizes the obscurity in the play with insidious, heck, demons:  Mr. Kenneth Muir, in first experience with the play - which doesn't, incidentally, decipher it basically starting here of view - appropriately depicts the aggregate impact of the symbolism: The difference among light and murkiness [suggested by the imagery] is a piece of a general absolute opposite among great and abhorrence, demons and holy messengers, malice and elegance, hellfire and paradise . . . (67-68)  In Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action Francis Fergusson states the spot of murkiness in the activity of the pla... ...are: The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.  Knights, L.C. Macbeth. Shakespeare: The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.  Sheep, Charles. On the Tragedies of Shakespeare. N.p.: n.p.. 1811. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990.  Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.  Warren, Roger. Shakespeare Survey 30.â N.p.: n.p., 1977. Pp. 177-78. Rpt. in Shakespeare in the Theater: An Anthology of Criticism. Stanley Wells, ed. Britain: Oxford University Press, 2000.  Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Odyssey and Aeneid Comparative Analysis Essay Sample free essay sample

Odyssey and Aeneid are brave sonnets that need no introduction in the scholarly universe. They are viewed as the best plants of Greek and Roman writing and army readings and investigation were at that point dependent on these two extraordinary chivalrous sonnets. Such. is other than the plan of this examination paper. A concise summarize of Odyssey and Aeneid would be introduced to give a foundation on the start and apogee of their excursions. A far reaching investigation on the individual qualities of the two boss supporters. viz. . Odysseus and Aeneas. close by their excursion and the things that they experience along the way. would other than be given light. An investigation of the epics’ subjects and their association with their essayist would other than be introduced. each piece great as the correlativity of the courageous sonnet with the earth or the present area of the general public the author had a place ; a verifiable and political investigation. Chivalry and liminality in the chivalrous sonnets would be more distant examined each piece great as subjects runing from both men’s ( Odysseus and Aeneas ) relationship with grown-up females ; the capacity of Gods. We will compose a custom exposition test on Odyssey and Aeneid: Comparative Analysis Essay Sample or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page furthermore, the noteworthiness of their excursion and find. Thusly. the main motivation behind this exploration paper is to [ demo the distinction and comparability of the two chivalrous sonnets. despite the fact that made hundreds of years separated. in various occasions. an association can be found and can be demonstrated through the various refered to subjects and the start in which the scholars have discovered their motivations ] . Odyssey Odysseus was bit of the 10 thousand armadas that set canvas for the city of Troy to repossess a â€Å"kidnapped† wedded lady of Menelaus. Ruler of Sparta. Helen. who was the most lovely grown-up female known to mankind. other than had Odysseus pursuing her. Imagining that Helen may remove him from the numerous suers. what's more, to stay away from battle. he made all work powers pledge to regard Helen’s assurance sing her pick for a hubby ; and to secure Helen and her hubby and to see through it that figure would come and crush their fraternity. So. all the suers of Helen. who were powerful Kings and work powers of Greece. took a revile. In any case. Odysseus was non fortunate bounty to be picked as hubby. also, on the other hand. he met Helen’s cousin Penelope. furthermore, wedded her. This is just the start of Odysseus’ show of amusingness all through the gallant sonnet. Despite the fact that. he was mistaken about whom Helen is venturing out to take. he showed a character. of that of an ambassador. a smooth speaker. an articulate and influential talker. Odysseus is known to be simply the grown-up male of tremendous refusal and consistent reasoning. Odysseus was other than known as a grown-up male of harmony. who loathed quarrels and solidly puts stock in self-safeguarding. A best representation of this self-safeguarding was the point at which the pastor emissary from Sparta came to ask his revile to Menelaus in repossessing Helen. Contemplating his newborn child kid and the great beyond of his city Ithaca ( for there was an anticipation that says of a long excursion for him on the off chance that he went to Troy ) ; Odysseus claimed to be crazy. set on worn out array and planted the field with salts. In any case. the pastor diplomat was other than cagey an d cognizing Odysseus’ craziness was only a show. he set the baby Telemachus en route of the Big Dipper. what's more, Odysseus in a flash halted. terrified of throbbing his kid. in this way demoing. he is on his correct head. Odysseus went to Troy and constructed the observed Trojan Equus caballus. He persuaded 20 Grecian officers to cover inside its stomach ( including himself ) . also, leave the Equus caballus as a contribution to the Gods while the rest of the Greek armada pompously cruised off. The Trojans. fiercely odd. took the wooden Equus caballus inside the city and had a dinner watching their triumph. At that point. at nightfall. through the offer of Odysseus. the work powers inside the Equus caballus simple slipped while the entire of Troy was snoozing. They opened the Gatess and take the ground powers of Greece inside the dividers of Troy. Consequently. the decimation of the city of Troy. Among the Trojan nobility was Aeneas. the kid of Anchises and Venus. was not really ready to escape life from the guardianships of the Greeks. in the event that non for Venus’ direct intervention. He figured out how to escape and cruised to Latium. where he established the City of Rome. Odysseyso starts on Odysseus’ venture towards place. after the 10 twelvemonth clash with Troy. In any case. Odysseus’ had acquired the rage of the Gods ( especially Poseidon ) that he was sentenced to cruise for another 10 progressively mature ages before making his old neighborhood. Ithaca. â€Å"Unhappy Odysseus. he does non cognize the desolations that anticipate him ; or how these sicknesses I and my Phrygians suffer will one twenty-four hours look to him appreciated as gold. For past the 10 long mature ages spent at Troy he will haul out other 10 thus go to his express all alone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [ Cassandra. Euripides.Daughters of Troy431 ] All through the sea trip. Odysseus and his work powers met many intriguing figures. with the end goal that of the stargazers. the place that is known for the Cyclops where Odysseus utilized one of his quick ones of introducing himself as Cipher. with the goal that when the Polyphemus ( the Cyclops who caught them ) was blinded by Odysseus and his work powers. shouted to the next Cyclops for help. They asked Polyphemus who had blinded him and he yelled Nobody. so the different Cyclops returned to their home. They met the upbeat male ruler Aelous who gave them a sack of quick air flows. gone to the island of the man-eaters. furthermore, met Circe and she bore him a kid ( Telegonos ) . They other than went through a sound in which Circe exhorted him to cruise close to Scylla a beast who had six caputs and would eat six of his work powers. than peril droping the boat in the vortex of Charybdis. Here. Odysseus volitionally relinquished six of his work powers to rescue the boat. They are so brought to the island where Calypso lived and saved Odysseus for seven mature ages. It was with the goal that Athena. the goddess that supported Odysseus asked Zeus to help Odysseus procure place. So. Zeus sent the Hermes to state Calypso to relinquish Odysseus. which she did and Odysseus. after a clump more issue still from Poseidon. in the long run arrived at Ithaca and cautioned against the numerous suers of his wedded lady Penelope by the goddess Athena camouflaged as juvenile male kid. Odysseus covered his singularity and camouflaged himself as a homeless person. After creation the royal residence. he saw the numerous suers of Penelope and requested that consent execute the endeavor expected of the suers so they could get hitched Penelope. to hit with Odysseus bow a sequential pointer through the gaps of 12 tomahawks in succession. So. Odysseus. masked as a homeless person. had the option to draw his ain bow and effectively hit a pointer through the openings. after w hich he coordinated the bow towards the suers and slaughtered them every one of the one by 1. He so asserted his Kingdom and his wedded lady one time more. In any case. numerous says that the Odyssey does relentless at that place. in any case, rather proceeded to another occasion that lead to Odysseus get marrieding another grown-up female and his perish achieved by his kid with Circe. Telegonus. who incorrectly murdered him when Odysseus was supporting his rushes. Telegonus was at that clasp searching for his male parent. what's more, had killed Odysseus as of now when he discovered he was his male parent. The Aeneid Aeneid is a Latin gallant sonnet composed by Virgil in the 1stcentury BC. The section structure was about the incredible excursion of Aeneas. a Trojan getting away from the terminating city of Troy. alongside a portion of his partners and kid. gone to Italy and as needs be established the city of Rome. The refrain structure is partitioned into two. the initial six of the 12 books familiarizes us with his excursion from Troy to Italy. while the second half. transfers of the triumph of Trojans over Latins when Aeneas had the option to murder Turnus. The legend Aeneas is as of now a typical figure since he premier showed up in Homer’s Iliad. Virgil so kept on making about him and as an outcome made a chronicled brave sonnet about the commencement of Rome. Aeneas was an exile from the terminating city of Troy. from Homer’s Iliad. With the help of her female parent Venus. the Roman goddess of affection. he fled along with his male parent Anchises. hitched lady Creusa. the young lady of King Priam. what's more, child Ascanius. Notwithstanding. through the butcher Creusa got isolated and was neer seen again ( until Aeneas met her in the black market and affirms that she is dead ) . He cruised for yearss. predetermined by Jupiter to happen a city which he will call Rome. Notwithstanding. because of Paris of Troy’s non taking Juno ( Hera ) to have the apple of conflict. Juno had the greatest disdain for Trojans that she set a solid air current to spin Aeneas’ transport off from Italy. also, do arrive on Carthage. through the guide of Neptune. Aeneas was the second most grounded warrior of Troy. what's more, could be considered as half-god since his female parent was Venus. Venus helped Aeneas with his endeavor in Carthage and through Venus’ Aeneas had the option to catch the chest of Dido. Sovereign of Carthage. In spite of the fact that Dido guaranteed devotion to her dead hubby. she can non help however experience love towards Aeneas and they became darlings and appreciated each other’s nearness ; until cut came that Jupiter sent Mercury to help Aeneas to remember his duty and to go on with his sea trip. Dido was crushed when Aeneas left. that she hit her ain chest with Aeneas’ cutting edge and hurled herself on a fire as Aeneas was go forthing. Going to see Dido. Aeneas saw only the smoke from the fire and cognize what had happ

Hospital State of Mind

Hospital State of Mind I hate going to the hospital. Yes, hospitals help people. Most nurses and doctors are nice and have your best interest in mind. But hospitals can also drive you cRaZy. Im in the hospital, and have been since Wednesday. It is driving me crazy. I started talking to my squishible monster and cat socks yesterday. Here are some more terrible things about being in a hospital while also managing being a student at MIT: 1. You constantly worry about missed work Thankfully, Student Support Services is super great about sending emails to professors and letting them know that you are stressed out and medically decapitated. Yes, I did mean the word decapitated. It feels like doctors have chopped off my head. I just want to sit quietly and finish all my homework. 2. There are restrictions that are unnecessary for you (I want to crotchet!!) and are stupid 3. Sleep just doesnt happen in a hospital 4. The food is terrible 5. So bored. Bring art to play with. I decorated my crutches with stickers. I like stickers. I also water color pictures of dolphins. 6. Miscommunications between doctors make everything terrible 7. You have to wear gross-colored unfitted hospital scrubs 8. Home/cat sickness is awful. I miss my kitty!! My boyfriend is watching her and sends me pictures every day. Basically, I want to go home. And I never plan on going to a hospital ever again, or at least for a very very very long time. Also, now Im terrified of doctors and nurses and I am afraid to talk to them. But theres a cat waiting for me. I want my cat!!! And thats it. Im here, and Im stuck until I get better. Hopefully Im better soon, because this sucks.

The Significance Of The Title Mythology - 1923 Words

The Significance of the title: Mythology The book that Edith Hamilton wrote, mythology has a title that explains itself. It is a huge book full of mythological animals, people, stories, places, and more. The title mythology is very clever and simple to use because it covers the entire book itself. From the story of the Titans, to Perseus, to Theseus, to Hercules. This book is filled with many adventurous stories of the myths from the Norse, Greek, and roman cultures. The significance of the title is very important and useful too. The title Mythology is like a huge beacon, and people looking for books on mythology know what book to look for. And the title is also important to the book because it is a huge example of foreshadowing too.†¦show more content†¦The external conflict was her struggled with hades as she was taken into the underworld. She was a woman, a goddess of peace and love for the earth, so she didn’t stand a chance against hades. She could only hope for the best, this is an example of man (Woman).vs. Man conflict externally. There is very little that could’ve changed if Persephone had made a different decision, hades still would’ve founder her. If she came with a male god it may have been a little long still she was taken, or if she would’ve seen hades before she could have explained it to Zeus. Basically Persephone had no chance to change her fate, even if she was stronger, faster or smarter, she still will never have the power to beat hades. Maybe if she was more careful, smart, or scared she wouldn’t have eaten any of the seeds. And she wouldn’t have to ever look at hades, but since she ate them we have seasons, and she goes back for four sad and depressing months QUOTES: 1. Hephaestus- Among the perfectly beautiful immortals he was only ugly. He was lame as well. ...........when she saw that he was born deformed, cast him out of heaven†¦..† My connection too this quote of Hephaestus s story is very obvious and easy to spot. Around everyone and even when I’m alone I feel ugly. Like I don’t belong, and like I’m deformed. The book also says that Hephaestus was â€Å"He was

What Everybody Is Saying About Pe Essay Topics

What Everybody Is Saying About Pe Essay Topics Where to Find Pe Essay Topics Recreational sports ought to be made must in offices to relieve extra stress. Sure, with this kind of a substantial number of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research online, it's much better to choose what interests you the most. Some big topics include nutrition and wellness, which entails the teaching of appropriate eating habits. Argumentative essays show a more balanced view of the problem and discuss either side. Your individual ideas and opinions in the paper has to be supported with arguments. The Unexposed Secret of Pe Essay Topics Writing a dissertation is a very long procedure, and you may end up frustrated if you aren't certain what to do next. If as you are preparing a report you just analyze specific literature, the essay demands an excellent penetration into the issue. In other words, a proposal ess ay identifies an issue and suggests a remedy to that issue. Overall, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. Ruthless Pe Essay Topics Strategies Exploited It is probably that a man or woman may not locate a specific topic interesting which others might. If someone doesn't like how they look then they have a tendency to have healthier eating habits since they're attempting to lose weight. Your reasons have to be practical and logical. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to acquire tattoos, because they are making the decision for their own children. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. Most of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays too, therefore it is quite important to grab the eye of the readers till the conclusion of the essay and that would be much difficult I know. All scholars are re quested to write down a persuasive essay in the plan of their scientific studies. The Lost Secret of Pe Essay Topics The matter of athletic fitness needs to be dealt which much more strictness. Besides, the dearth of suitable grammar makes the listeners eliminate respect to the speaker. You will find that several of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. In an issue of speaking, picking out persuasive essay topics is similar to telling yourself what you need to convey to the rest of earth. The college essays need to be organized in the particular format and design based on the instructions given. Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpler. The best method to begin writing a dissertation is finding the most suitable topic. The instructions about how to write process essays should also end up being helpful for readers. What can be done in order to produce a more well-rounded curriculum for middle and higher schoo l students. Under the umbrella of the significance of physical education, there are many possible paper topics. Some people believe that schools should select students in accordance with their academic abilities, but others feel that it's much better to have students with diverse abilities studying together. The ways students ought to be taught about their wellbeing. Moreover, physical pursuits and sports are usually valuable for transforming the wisdom and experience we've gained over the day or during a particular time period. In other words, physical education is understood to be a practice of education through physical activity. It is a significant constituent of education since movement and physical activity are a must for the healthy development of a person. Physical education in the main curriculum enables people to achieve, to thrive, and feel a feeling of succeeding through sporting performance. The Supreme Approach to Pe Essay Topics Essays are sometimes a difficu lt assignment for many students. Because proposal essays are a sort of argumentative essay, you wish to be certain the essay is worthy of an argument. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Still, figuring out the ideal topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. There are several good persuasive essay topics to pick from. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. Occasionally, selecting a great argumentative essay topics will be quite tough. Selecting the correct topic for a persuasive speech is occasionally not such an easy matter to do as it might appear. There are a few great topics to take into account when selecting topic for your argumentative essay.

Interpersonal Relationship Analysis Characters of the Film Public Enemies Free Essays

string(173) " of progressing the relationship further by increasing self-disclosure to see if the other reciprocates the same level of disclosure and gain feedback on their impressions\." Communications 100 Interpersonal Analysis Effective interpersonal communication is crucial to development of all denominations of relationships between two or more individuals; from roll relationships shared between a doctor and patient, to platonic relationships shared between friends. Chiefly, interpersonal communication is arguably the most essential aspect contributing to the success or failure of a romantic relationship between a dyad. Communication directly influences the type of relationship participants share, how the relationship unfolds, and how satisfying that relationship is to the individuals sharing it. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal Relationship Analysis: Characters of the Film Public Enemies or any similar topic only for you Order Now A lack of communication between individuals in an intimate relationship, such as one shared between a boyfriends and a girlfriend, typically results in mutual dissatisfaction which can lead to a decline in health of the individuals, both physically and emotionally, and ultimately, the disintegration of the relationship altogether. Read also Analysis of Characters in Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own† Romantic relationships develop and change over time as people communicate with one another. The evolution of the relationship can be depicted through four specific models; Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor’s Social Penetration Theory, Mark Knapp and Anita Vangelisti’s Knapp’s Stage Model, Leslie Baxter and Connie Bullis’s Turning Point Model and, Leslie Baxter’s Dialectical Theory. The progression of romantic relationships can easily be analyzed in films because they are vividly depicted and often over exaggerated. Michael Mann’s 2009 film, Public Enemies, an adaptation of the non-fiction book by Bryan Burrough, Public Enemies: America’s Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933-34, chronicles the progression of the romantic relationship between the notorious bank robber John Dillinger and Billie Frechette while he is pursued by FBI agent Melvin Purvis in the midst of the Great Depression. The relationship Frechette and Dillinger carry out in the film perfectly displays the natural progression of an intimate relationship through the first five steps of the staircase in Knapp’s Stage Model. Knapp’s Stage Model is a communication model that conceptualizes relational development as a staircase consisting of five steps, with each step representing a respective stage of the relationship, that lead up toward commitment followed by five steps that descend from commitment towards the end of a relationship. The five steps that lead upwards towards commitment in chronological order are: initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, and bonding. John Dillinger and Billie Frechette met one night at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago where the initiating stage occurred. Initiating is when the individuals try to establish as positive an impression of oneself as possible to appear likeable and pleasant. This stage is where the first impressions are made from a greetings and physical appearance. However, in order for the initiating stage to occur, the individuals need to signal interest in initiating contact at all. In our society, especially historically in time periods like the Great Depression, men typically initiate heterosexual romantic relationships, but only after the woman sends cues that they are single and interested primarily through kinesics nonverbal communication like eye contact and smiles. The excerpt from the movie script below shows the pre-initiation stage where Dillinger first sees Frechette and she sends nonverbal cues from across the crowded ballroom that she is both available and interested: ARAGON BALLROOM-NIGHT JOHN DILLINGER is watching a sexy young woman on the dance floor. He loses sight of her†¦ He’s expecting someone. Then, Dillinger sees her again: jet black hair in a bob, brown eyes, high and a great smile. She lights up a room. She is BILLIE FRECHETTE. She feels the stare and looks over. She studies him, then, looks away. Dillinger adjusts his chair to watch for the girl. Dellinger can’t see Billie anymore. Billie reappears, dancing with a young man. Dillinger keeps his eye on Billie. Music ends. Young man escorts her to her table. He tries to join her. She turns him down. Dillinger finishes his drink, approaches. He now sees how beautiful Billie is. She looks Dillinger straight in the eye. Clear skin, dark eyes with humor playing about the edges. He unexpectedly starts to feel nervous. He gives her his best grin. Next is the initiating stage where Dillinger initiates communication following a standard interpersonal script for meeting a new person consisting of an icebreaker and beginning an introduction. Billie forms a first impression of Dillinger based on her perceptions of him. Billie categorizes him by labeling him in her mind as â€Å"Not a hustler† and interprets that â€Å"he’s holding something back† from the sensory input she selected to focus on. She then provides feedback showing her mutual interest to proceed to the experimenting stage. DILLINGER I don’t know what you said to your friend, but I sure am glad you did. What’s your name? Billie looks him over: a well-made man in a good suit with a great smile. And, paradoxes: he easily talks to women but he’s not a hustler. He’s young, but there’s a world of experience in his face. Open, but he’s holding something back. BILLIE Billie Frechette. DILLINGER Can I buy you a drink? Billie rises and they cross the bar. Is that French? BILLIE On my father’s side. There’s an â€Å"e† at the end. Do you have a name? DILLINGER Jack Harris. Music changes to â€Å"Bye Bye Blackbird. † The experimenting stage on relational development is when the participants try to learn more about each other by asking questions and start to self-disclose information to establish common interests. Typically, the proxemics observed between two people who are just beginning to become acquainted is at a personal distance of eighteen inches to four feet. However, because the progression of relationship between Dillinger and Frechette is depicted in a film that is just under two hours in duration, the experimenting stage is combined with the proceeding intensifying stage. Thus, Billie and Dillinger quickly move to an intimate distance while dancing to increase their connectedness. This stage is full of â€Å"tests. † First, individuals test the potential of progressing the relationship further by increasing self-disclosure to see if the other reciprocates the same level of disclosure and gain feedback on their impressions. You read "Interpersonal Relationship Analysis: Characters of the Film Public Enemies" in category "Papers" Billie tests Dillinger to see how he reacts to her ethnicity in era in which darker physical characteristics were not valued as highly on the social comparison scale of attractiveness. Billie expresses her self-concept perceptions that that been influenced by the reflected appraisals from society when she shares her primary identity by stating â€Å"I’m Menominee Indian,† and secondary identity by stating â€Å"I check coats at the Steuben Club. † BILLIE Do you dance, Jack? DILLINGER I don’t know how. BILLIE How come you don’t know how to dance? It’s easy. Follow me. This is a two-step. She smiles a pretty smile at him. She stays an inch or two distant in his arms. It’s slow and languorous. He follows her with little difficulty. DILLINGER My, but you are pretty. They look into each other’s eyes. He pulls her closer, wants to kiss her long smooth neck. He almost can’t resist†¦ Their lips are an inch apart. And then she rests her cheek on his shoulder and the kiss that wasn’t hangs in the air around them. He whispers†¦ Daddy’s French, what’s on the other side? BILLIE Im Menominee Indian OK. But most men don’t like that†¦ She glares at him. DILLINGER I’m not most men. BILLIE And I check coats at the Steuben Club. What do you do, Jack? DILLINGER I’m catching up. BILLIE Catching up on what? DILLINGER On life, meeting someone like you. Dark, beautiful, like the black bird in that song He touches her hair. She laughs at the flattery. Holds his eyes a beat with an ironic look. He returns the look. They look away. Say, how’d you like some dinner? Billy nods. He nods courteously to her girlfriends, grabs her coat, puts a hand around Billie’s waist and steers her out. It’s cold in the street. Dillinger pulls her close. Following, is the integration stage of relationship growth. During the fourth step, the deepest levels of self-disclosure begin signaling trust and intimacy and the individuals portray themselves as couple. Billie and Dillinger go to a restaurant together appearing to others as a couple. This scene also perfectly illustrates the three key factors necessary in the influence of one’s attraction to another: proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity. GOLD COAST RESTAURANT – NIGHT Dillinger slips him bills. He and Billie are shown to a table. The clientele is North Shore old money and businessmen. Some of the women are in dazzling dresses even though it’s mid-Depression. A few stare at Billie. She’s out of her class. BILLIE What is it, exactly that you do for a living? She stares at him, ignoring her menu. He looks over the top of his menu DILLINGER. I’m John Dillinger. I rob banks. That’s where all these people here put their money. BILLIE Why’d you tell me that? You could have made up a story†¦ DILLINGER ‘Cause I ain’t gonna lie to you. BILLIE That’s a pretty serious thing to say to a girl you just met. DILLINGER I know you. BILLIE Well, I don’t know you†¦I haven’t been any place or done anything. DILLINGER Some of the places I been ain’t so hot. Where I’m going is a lot better. Wanna come along? BILLIE Boy, you are in a hurry. DILLINGER If you were looking at what I am looking at, you’d be in a hurry too. Laughs at his flattery, which she is also finding persuasive, then leans in. BILLIE Well, it’s me they’re looking at this time. DILLINGER That’s ’cause you’re beautiful. BILLIE They’re looking at me because they’re not used to having a girl in their restaurant in a three-dollar dress. He takes her hand DILLINGER Listen, doll, that’s ’cause they’re all about where people come from. Only thing important is where somebody’s going. She smiles excitedly BILLIE Where are you going? DILLINGER Anywhere I want. Let’s get out of here. She nods. They get up, get their things and he leads her with his hand on the small of her back. On their way†¦ a man intercepts Dillinger. (To Billie): Go wait outside. I’ll be right there. Billie turns and walks out of the restaurant. Finally, the fifth stage of the relational development incline towards commitment is bonding. The bonding stage is where the relationship is characterized by public commitment. STEUBEN CLUB- NIGHT Dillinger enters, sees Billie talking with another hostess checking coats and hats. BILLIE (Without looking up at Dillinger): May I check your coat, sir? DILLINGER You ran out on me. BILLIE You left me standing alone on the sidewalk. She places her hand on her hip DILLINGER If you’re going to be my girl, you have to swear you’ll never, ever do that again. A CUSTOMER comes up and puts his ticket on the counter. BILLIE (Ignoring customer) Hey! I’m not your girl! And I’m not going to say that DILLINGER I’m waiting. CUSTOMER So am I. DILLINGER (to Billie) â€Å"I am not ever going to run out on you again. † Say it. BILLIE No. DILLINGER Well, I ain’t ever gonna run out on you. And that’s a promise. CUSTOMER Well, I want to run out of here. So, lady, will you get my coat†¦? Dillinger swings him to the counter, grabs the man’s ticket, slams through the half door, finds the man’s coat, tosses it at him†¦ DILLINGER (To Customer): Hit the road Sport. Beat the tip. (To Billie): You ain’t getting other people’s hats and coats no more either. You’re with me now. He takes her coat and holds it for her. She doesn’t move. BILLIE I don’t know anything about you. DILLINGER I was raised on a farm in Mooresville, Indiana. My ma died when I was three. My daddy beat the hell out of me because he didn’t know no better way to raise me I like baseball, movies, good clothes, fast cars, and you. What else do you need to know? She gets into her coat. Dillinger opens the door for her. Although this interaction is fictional, John Dillinger and Billie Frechette really did carry out a relationship that progressed much like the one depicted above. However, their relationship did not decline down the staircase through the five steps of termination; differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, and terminating, because John Dillinger was shot and killed by FBI agent Winstead outside of the Biograph Theatre in Chicago. Billie was incarcerated on charges of being an accomplice to one of America’s most wanted criminals until 1936 and lived the rest of her life in Wisconsin. Works Cited Alberts, Jess K. , Judith N. Martin, and Thomas K. Nakayama. Communication Fundamentals. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, 2011. Print. Eiderman, Ann, Michael Mann, and Ronan Bennett. â€Å"Public Enemies Script. † The Internet Movie Script Database (IMSDb). N. p. , Nov. 2007. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. ;http://www. imsdb. com/scripts/Public-Enemies. html;. â€Å"Knapp’s Relational Development Model. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. ;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Knapp’s_Relational_Development_Model. â€Å"Public Enemies (2009 Film). † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 15 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Public_Enemies_(2009_film). How to cite Interpersonal Relationship Analysis: Characters of the Film Public Enemies, Papers

Interpersonal Relationship Analysis Characters of the Film Public Enemies Free Essays

string(173) " of progressing the relationship further by increasing self-disclosure to see if the other reciprocates the same level of disclosure and gain feedback on their impressions\." Communications 100 Interpersonal Analysis Effective interpersonal communication is crucial to development of all denominations of relationships between two or more individuals; from roll relationships shared between a doctor and patient, to platonic relationships shared between friends. Chiefly, interpersonal communication is arguably the most essential aspect contributing to the success or failure of a romantic relationship between a dyad. Communication directly influences the type of relationship participants share, how the relationship unfolds, and how satisfying that relationship is to the individuals sharing it. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal Relationship Analysis: Characters of the Film Public Enemies or any similar topic only for you Order Now A lack of communication between individuals in an intimate relationship, such as one shared between a boyfriends and a girlfriend, typically results in mutual dissatisfaction which can lead to a decline in health of the individuals, both physically and emotionally, and ultimately, the disintegration of the relationship altogether. Read also Analysis of Characters in Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own† Romantic relationships develop and change over time as people communicate with one another. The evolution of the relationship can be depicted through four specific models; Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor’s Social Penetration Theory, Mark Knapp and Anita Vangelisti’s Knapp’s Stage Model, Leslie Baxter and Connie Bullis’s Turning Point Model and, Leslie Baxter’s Dialectical Theory. The progression of romantic relationships can easily be analyzed in films because they are vividly depicted and often over exaggerated. Michael Mann’s 2009 film, Public Enemies, an adaptation of the non-fiction book by Bryan Burrough, Public Enemies: America’s Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933-34, chronicles the progression of the romantic relationship between the notorious bank robber John Dillinger and Billie Frechette while he is pursued by FBI agent Melvin Purvis in the midst of the Great Depression. The relationship Frechette and Dillinger carry out in the film perfectly displays the natural progression of an intimate relationship through the first five steps of the staircase in Knapp’s Stage Model. Knapp’s Stage Model is a communication model that conceptualizes relational development as a staircase consisting of five steps, with each step representing a respective stage of the relationship, that lead up toward commitment followed by five steps that descend from commitment towards the end of a relationship. The five steps that lead upwards towards commitment in chronological order are: initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, and bonding. John Dillinger and Billie Frechette met one night at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago where the initiating stage occurred. Initiating is when the individuals try to establish as positive an impression of oneself as possible to appear likeable and pleasant. This stage is where the first impressions are made from a greetings and physical appearance. However, in order for the initiating stage to occur, the individuals need to signal interest in initiating contact at all. In our society, especially historically in time periods like the Great Depression, men typically initiate heterosexual romantic relationships, but only after the woman sends cues that they are single and interested primarily through kinesics nonverbal communication like eye contact and smiles. The excerpt from the movie script below shows the pre-initiation stage where Dillinger first sees Frechette and she sends nonverbal cues from across the crowded ballroom that she is both available and interested: ARAGON BALLROOM-NIGHT JOHN DILLINGER is watching a sexy young woman on the dance floor. He loses sight of her†¦ He’s expecting someone. Then, Dillinger sees her again: jet black hair in a bob, brown eyes, high and a great smile. She lights up a room. She is BILLIE FRECHETTE. She feels the stare and looks over. She studies him, then, looks away. Dillinger adjusts his chair to watch for the girl. Dellinger can’t see Billie anymore. Billie reappears, dancing with a young man. Dillinger keeps his eye on Billie. Music ends. Young man escorts her to her table. He tries to join her. She turns him down. Dillinger finishes his drink, approaches. He now sees how beautiful Billie is. She looks Dillinger straight in the eye. Clear skin, dark eyes with humor playing about the edges. He unexpectedly starts to feel nervous. He gives her his best grin. Next is the initiating stage where Dillinger initiates communication following a standard interpersonal script for meeting a new person consisting of an icebreaker and beginning an introduction. Billie forms a first impression of Dillinger based on her perceptions of him. Billie categorizes him by labeling him in her mind as â€Å"Not a hustler† and interprets that â€Å"he’s holding something back† from the sensory input she selected to focus on. She then provides feedback showing her mutual interest to proceed to the experimenting stage. DILLINGER I don’t know what you said to your friend, but I sure am glad you did. What’s your name? Billie looks him over: a well-made man in a good suit with a great smile. And, paradoxes: he easily talks to women but he’s not a hustler. He’s young, but there’s a world of experience in his face. Open, but he’s holding something back. BILLIE Billie Frechette. DILLINGER Can I buy you a drink? Billie rises and they cross the bar. Is that French? BILLIE On my father’s side. There’s an â€Å"e† at the end. Do you have a name? DILLINGER Jack Harris. Music changes to â€Å"Bye Bye Blackbird. † The experimenting stage on relational development is when the participants try to learn more about each other by asking questions and start to self-disclose information to establish common interests. Typically, the proxemics observed between two people who are just beginning to become acquainted is at a personal distance of eighteen inches to four feet. However, because the progression of relationship between Dillinger and Frechette is depicted in a film that is just under two hours in duration, the experimenting stage is combined with the proceeding intensifying stage. Thus, Billie and Dillinger quickly move to an intimate distance while dancing to increase their connectedness. This stage is full of â€Å"tests. † First, individuals test the potential of progressing the relationship further by increasing self-disclosure to see if the other reciprocates the same level of disclosure and gain feedback on their impressions. You read "Interpersonal Relationship Analysis: Characters of the Film Public Enemies" in category "Papers" Billie tests Dillinger to see how he reacts to her ethnicity in era in which darker physical characteristics were not valued as highly on the social comparison scale of attractiveness. Billie expresses her self-concept perceptions that that been influenced by the reflected appraisals from society when she shares her primary identity by stating â€Å"I’m Menominee Indian,† and secondary identity by stating â€Å"I check coats at the Steuben Club. † BILLIE Do you dance, Jack? DILLINGER I don’t know how. BILLIE How come you don’t know how to dance? It’s easy. Follow me. This is a two-step. She smiles a pretty smile at him. She stays an inch or two distant in his arms. It’s slow and languorous. He follows her with little difficulty. DILLINGER My, but you are pretty. They look into each other’s eyes. He pulls her closer, wants to kiss her long smooth neck. He almost can’t resist†¦ Their lips are an inch apart. And then she rests her cheek on his shoulder and the kiss that wasn’t hangs in the air around them. He whispers†¦ Daddy’s French, what’s on the other side? BILLIE Im Menominee Indian OK. But most men don’t like that†¦ She glares at him. DILLINGER I’m not most men. BILLIE And I check coats at the Steuben Club. What do you do, Jack? DILLINGER I’m catching up. BILLIE Catching up on what? DILLINGER On life, meeting someone like you. Dark, beautiful, like the black bird in that song He touches her hair. She laughs at the flattery. Holds his eyes a beat with an ironic look. He returns the look. They look away. Say, how’d you like some dinner? Billy nods. He nods courteously to her girlfriends, grabs her coat, puts a hand around Billie’s waist and steers her out. It’s cold in the street. Dillinger pulls her close. Following, is the integration stage of relationship growth. During the fourth step, the deepest levels of self-disclosure begin signaling trust and intimacy and the individuals portray themselves as couple. Billie and Dillinger go to a restaurant together appearing to others as a couple. This scene also perfectly illustrates the three key factors necessary in the influence of one’s attraction to another: proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity. GOLD COAST RESTAURANT – NIGHT Dillinger slips him bills. He and Billie are shown to a table. The clientele is North Shore old money and businessmen. Some of the women are in dazzling dresses even though it’s mid-Depression. A few stare at Billie. She’s out of her class. BILLIE What is it, exactly that you do for a living? She stares at him, ignoring her menu. He looks over the top of his menu DILLINGER. I’m John Dillinger. I rob banks. That’s where all these people here put their money. BILLIE Why’d you tell me that? You could have made up a story†¦ DILLINGER ‘Cause I ain’t gonna lie to you. BILLIE That’s a pretty serious thing to say to a girl you just met. DILLINGER I know you. BILLIE Well, I don’t know you†¦I haven’t been any place or done anything. DILLINGER Some of the places I been ain’t so hot. Where I’m going is a lot better. Wanna come along? BILLIE Boy, you are in a hurry. DILLINGER If you were looking at what I am looking at, you’d be in a hurry too. Laughs at his flattery, which she is also finding persuasive, then leans in. BILLIE Well, it’s me they’re looking at this time. DILLINGER That’s ’cause you’re beautiful. BILLIE They’re looking at me because they’re not used to having a girl in their restaurant in a three-dollar dress. He takes her hand DILLINGER Listen, doll, that’s ’cause they’re all about where people come from. Only thing important is where somebody’s going. She smiles excitedly BILLIE Where are you going? DILLINGER Anywhere I want. Let’s get out of here. She nods. They get up, get their things and he leads her with his hand on the small of her back. On their way†¦ a man intercepts Dillinger. (To Billie): Go wait outside. I’ll be right there. Billie turns and walks out of the restaurant. Finally, the fifth stage of the relational development incline towards commitment is bonding. The bonding stage is where the relationship is characterized by public commitment. STEUBEN CLUB- NIGHT Dillinger enters, sees Billie talking with another hostess checking coats and hats. BILLIE (Without looking up at Dillinger): May I check your coat, sir? DILLINGER You ran out on me. BILLIE You left me standing alone on the sidewalk. She places her hand on her hip DILLINGER If you’re going to be my girl, you have to swear you’ll never, ever do that again. A CUSTOMER comes up and puts his ticket on the counter. BILLIE (Ignoring customer) Hey! I’m not your girl! And I’m not going to say that DILLINGER I’m waiting. CUSTOMER So am I. DILLINGER (to Billie) â€Å"I am not ever going to run out on you again. † Say it. BILLIE No. DILLINGER Well, I ain’t ever gonna run out on you. And that’s a promise. CUSTOMER Well, I want to run out of here. So, lady, will you get my coat†¦? Dillinger swings him to the counter, grabs the man’s ticket, slams through the half door, finds the man’s coat, tosses it at him†¦ DILLINGER (To Customer): Hit the road Sport. Beat the tip. (To Billie): You ain’t getting other people’s hats and coats no more either. You’re with me now. He takes her coat and holds it for her. She doesn’t move. BILLIE I don’t know anything about you. DILLINGER I was raised on a farm in Mooresville, Indiana. My ma died when I was three. My daddy beat the hell out of me because he didn’t know no better way to raise me I like baseball, movies, good clothes, fast cars, and you. What else do you need to know? She gets into her coat. Dillinger opens the door for her. Although this interaction is fictional, John Dillinger and Billie Frechette really did carry out a relationship that progressed much like the one depicted above. However, their relationship did not decline down the staircase through the five steps of termination; differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, and terminating, because John Dillinger was shot and killed by FBI agent Winstead outside of the Biograph Theatre in Chicago. Billie was incarcerated on charges of being an accomplice to one of America’s most wanted criminals until 1936 and lived the rest of her life in Wisconsin. Works Cited Alberts, Jess K. , Judith N. Martin, and Thomas K. Nakayama. Communication Fundamentals. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, 2011. Print. Eiderman, Ann, Michael Mann, and Ronan Bennett. â€Å"Public Enemies Script. † The Internet Movie Script Database (IMSDb). N. p. , Nov. 2007. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. ;http://www. imsdb. com/scripts/Public-Enemies. html;. â€Å"Knapp’s Relational Development Model. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. ;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Knapp’s_Relational_Development_Model. â€Å"Public Enemies (2009 Film). † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 15 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Public_Enemies_(2009_film). How to cite Interpersonal Relationship Analysis: Characters of the Film Public Enemies, Papers

The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example Essay Example

The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example Paper The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Introduction â€Å"Here’s much to do with hate but more with love† This quotation from Romeo can in fact describe the whole play. The word â€Å"more† shows the power of love to overcome hatred. However, in Romeo and Juliet there are several different types of love demonstrated. For example, characters such as Mercutio can be seen using sexual innuendos and bawdy language. In the play, there is evidence of brotherly love, shown to Romeo by Benvolio; motherly love from the Nurse towards Juliet; and fatherly love shown by Friar Lawrence towards Romeo; a suitor who offers wealth and power, is shown in the character of Paris. On one hand there is Romeo and Juliet who show a very passionate and romantic form of love. Romeo and Juliets love is different from everyone elses thoughts. For them, marriage is completely based upon true love. Others, it may be for power, wealth and recognition.Romeo is one of the protagonists in the play. He comes across as a very romantic and mature tee nager who feels the in the deepest love for Juliet who he met at Lord Capulet’s party. â€Å"O she doth teach the torches to burn bright.† â€Å"What is her mother?† These are his words to Nurse and her answer reveals that his to see if only love has come from his only hate.But this is not the first time Romeo was â€Å"in love†.He loves Rosaline in the beginning of the play because that is what he thinks is the manly thing to do. But later he falls in love with Juliet. But once he has set his eyes on her, he completely forgets about Rosaline. Romeo presents Rosaline as having â€Å"wit† and being â€Å"strong†, as â€Å"she† will not be hit with Cupid’s arrow(Act 1 scene 1, lines 203-204), she lives unharmed(line 205) which means secure against his advances is rich in beauty.Mercutio’s attitude towards love is very sarcastic; it is uses bawdy humour and innuendo. Mercutio is always twisting words so that they become rud e. One innuendo he uses would be†An open-arse, thou pop’rin pear.† Mercutio is not at all a the person who would show any sign of affection, but a person who would joke about love and feelings. He mocks Romeo when he hears about Romeo’s love for Rosaline. Sampson, Gregory and the Nurse all use bawdy humour, but Mercutio is the wittiest. â€Å"this is the hag, when maids lie on their backs, That presses them and learns them first to bear, making them women of good carriage. This is she-† He is constantly punning, this shows how he generally behaves. Mercutio does not provide much help to the love of Romeo and Juliet mainly because he doesn’t know about their secret love, but even if he did know he is the kind of character who would mock. He thinks that Romeo is wasting his time with Rosaline, and mocks him.At the beginning of Act 2 Scene 3, Friar Lawrence thinks that Romeo. He treats Romeo like a son, as Friar has known him since he was born.â € Young son, it argues a distemper’d head† which means that Romeo, a young man should be getting sleep and shouldn’t be disturbed†Ã¢â‚¬ But where unbruised youth with unstuff’d brain† meaning Romeo shoudn’t have any worries when going to sleep unlike an older man like Friar Lawrence that stay awake with worries.Friar Lawrence is happy when Romeo says â€Å"I have forgot that name† when he is asked about Rosaline. Young Romeo then tells Frair Lawrence that he is certain he loves Juliet. Friar Lawrence then goes to mock Romeo by saying†Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes† Friar Lawrence does not believe Romeo is really in love, but only cares about their appearance i.e. their looks. Friar Lawrence shows love in this scene towards Romeo by taking great interests in what he is doing, but also by doing the type of things a father would do. â€Å"The sweetest honey is loathsome in his own deliciousness† T he Friar says this to Romeo suggesting that anticipation is more than what it turns out to be.Friar Lawrence marries the couple and tries to help them whenever possible. He wants the best for them and thinks that if they marry then possibly the feuding will end; â€Å"In one respect I’ll thy assistant be: for this may so happy prove, to turn your households’ rancour to pure love†The Nurse in Romeo and Juliet is a character who is treats Juliet as her own child. She has always been looking after Juliet since she was a baby. Even though Juliet’s real mother is Lady Capulet, she does not seem to be so interested in her. People only hired people like the Nurse if they were very wealthy and powerful. Juliet and the Nurse are closer to each other than Juliet and lady Capulet have ever been. The nurse has a blunt attitude towards love and sex, but s affectionate and loving woman who wants Juliet to be happy. In the beginning, the nurse aids Juliet’s love for Romeo but in the end she tries to persuade Juliet to marry Paris.Old Capulet has a certain type of love towards his daughter Juliet; he has never really bonded with her a lot. Capulet was saying just before how his daughter is really young to be married â€Å"and soon marr’d are those so early made† but Paris is arguing and saying that there are girls younger than Juliet that have got married. This means that Capulet, as a concerned father thinks those who get married too young could end up being hurt, and if Juliet does not choose Paris as the one she loves, he should love her anyway. I think he shows a caring side here because he is worried about the age of Juliet. He also says if Juliet picks Paris out as someone she loves then Capulet will agree. When the audience hear Lord Capulet in act 4, scene 5 and act 5 scene 4 they would be shocked because due to his sudden reaction when he hears that Juliet refuses to marry Paris. He is so angry that he can’t kee p his feelings in.Benvolio is Romeo’s cousin, and is also one of his closest relatives. He definitely shows a very caring character treating Romeo with respect, as if he was his brother. He is always advising Romeo what to do. â€Å"Be rul’d by me, forget to think of her, by giving liberty into mine eyes, examine other beautiesTybalt is part of the Capulet family and is very protective over what his family represent. He is willing to fight for his life, as we can see with an incident occurring with Romeo. When Tybalt realises that his most hated enemies are attending their party, he goes straight to the head of the house (Capulet) and complains he wants them to leave at once. â€Å"Tis he, that villain Romeo.† Capulet considers the ideas of Tybalt but realises that there will be an uproar and the party will most likely be spoilt. â€Å"Content thee, gentle coz, let him alone, ‘A bears him like a portly gentleman.†Paris is the man whom Capulet wants Juliet to marry. Paris explains his feelings for Juliet to Capulet. It seems that Paris does love Juliet because when Romeo kills him he asks to be put in her tomb, â€Å"If thou be merciful, Open the tomb, lay me with Juliet.†In conclusion, the play of Romeo and Juliet, shows many different types of love. Romantic and true love compared with courtly unrequited love and the sexual love of Mercutio. It also compares the fatherly love of the Friar with that of Capulet and the motherly love of the nurse with that of Lady Capulet. Benvolio and Tybalt meanwhile illustrate brotherly love and the extreme love of the family name. In the play, it is less to do with love and more about wealth and family status. In act 5, scene 3, Romeo resolves to kill himself that night in Capulet’s monument. I think this is a brave decision, because it shows the depth of his love for Juliet. It is extremely romantic act â€Å"this love feel I, that feel no love in this.† The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Englands Motives of Colonizat essays

Englands Motives of Colonizat essays Christopher Columbus, considered one of the greatest explorers of all time. Like every other explorer, Columbus had many reasons for his exploration. However, it is made obvious by studying the history of Columbus' explorations that his main motive for exploration was greed. Columbus had the same desires as many explorers both before and after him. He yearned for gold. He wanted land. He wanted power. The whole purpose for his first voyage to what he thought was India, but turned out to be Central America, was to gain land for Spain. It took quite a bit of sweet talking from Columbus to get the money and ships needed for this voyage from Spain's Queen Isabella. But in the end, Columbus had the chance to reach a goal brought on by greed: to gain riches. Queen Isabella had the same motive. She wanted land for Spain, and that is the only reason that she ever gave him the money and ships The English, like other countries, voyaged to the Americas in search of riches. It wasn't until they got there that they realized that people already lived there. It was at that point that greed took over the English. The English did something, that by today's standards would be considered inhuman. They used a method of mass murder called extermination. They used whatever it took to kill the most Native Americans possible in the smallest amount of time. The English would not have done this had it not been for extreme greed. They wanted the land that the Native Americans had and they wanted it as soon as possible. This greed among the English did accomplish their task of taking land quickly, but it also accomplished the murder of thousands Although it doesn't seem obvious at first thought, new laws in Europe helped with the effort in nation building. With the new laws were the guidelines as to were the laws were in effect. Often, a new ...

What Is the ACT Out Of

What Is the ACT Out Of SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You may have heard of this standardized test calledthe ACT. What's this test out of? What's the highest and lowest ACT score? And what score should you try to get? I'll answer allof these questions below. What Is the ACT Out Of? When you get your ACT score report, you'll see several numbers including your composite ACT score and your individual section scores (there are four sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science). The composite ACT score is the primary number that colleges look at.The composite ACT score is out of 36.Scores range from 1 to 36. Each section is also out of 36, with scores ranging from 1 to 36 in the individual sections. To give you a sense of the range of ACT scores in the US, I've assembled this chart with approximate national ACT percentiles: Percentile ACT Score 25th 16 50th 20 75th 24 Your final ACT composite score is calculated by average the 4 section scores and rounding to the nearest whole number. For further explanation, read How Do You Calculate ACT Score? What Score Should You Aim for in theRange? You don't necessarily need to aim for a perfect 36.You should choose your target score for the ACT based on what score will get you into your target schools. Find out what the average ACT score is for accepted students to your target schools by search â€Å"[College Name] ACT† in Google. You'll likely find the school’s 25th/75th percentile scores. What are these numbers? The 25th percentile ACT score means that 25% of admitted freshmen received a score at or below that number (75% of admitted students scored higher). The 75th percentile score means that 75% of admitted freshmen received a score at or below that number (25% of admitted students scored higher). Well, what should you aim for in the 25th/75th percentile range? You should aim for a score at or above the 75th percentile score to have the best chance of being admitted. For a more in-depth explanation of what your target ACT score should be, read What is a good ACT score? A bad ACT score? An excellent ACT score? What’s Next? Learn more about the ACT test format and prepare to rock the ACT: What is the ACT? A Complete Explanation of the Test The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT Science: Tips, Practice, and Strategies The Ultimate Prep Guide to ACT Reading: Strategies, Tips, and Practice The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT English: Tips, Rules, Practice, and Strategies Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

The Internet Technology and Data Ownership Issue Assignment

The Internet Technology and Data Ownership Issue - Assignment Example The internet has become such a norm that the mere existence of man at a certain place without having been connected to the internet is though impossible. About (2011) defines the internet as: â€Å"The term  Internet  today refers to the global network of public computers running  Internet Protocol. The Internet supports the public  WWW  and many special-purpose client/server software systems. Internet technology also supports many private corporate  intranets  and private home  LANs.† (about, 2011) The human society has been transformed completely with the advent of the internet. Human life before it was devoid of the thought of staying virtually connected to innumerable individuals just by getting connected to a network w=of computers that was nothing more than an obscure network of corporate computers just about a quarter of a century back. Though it started off merely as a very small scale office network today the internet is the biggest network of connecte d computing devices from all over the world that has ever existed. This network is a massive den of information. This information may be related to just about anything and everything. It is an open network and the more users get connected to it via their connecting device the wider it becomes. The connecting devices may either be as small as a mobile phone and may even be as large as a super server computer. Any user can add just about any kind of information over the internet. Only information gathered from reliable resources is authentic and may be referred to others further on. Isao Hiroki mentions internet in his paper in the following words: â€Å"The virtual space of the internet permeates our daily lives and countless new services.† (Hiroki, 2003) For all students and inquisitive learners the internet is an ideal resource. This is because they can find out information regarding just about any of their topics from the internet. All they need to do id to search for the r equired topic by entering its’ prominent words in efficient search engines. These search engines dig throughout authentic (spyware free) web pages and bring out their links as a result. The user can then make use of the massive data retrieval that is at his disposal with the additive advantage of it being free of cost. Evan Charles Sveum (July 2010) mentions Computing and Internet Technology in the following words: â€Å"Computing and Internet technologies (U.S. Department of Labor, 2000) have changed the nature of work and occupations that would allow a person to earn a living.† (Sveum, 2010) The above statement narrates the fact that internet based jobs have been very popular among the public since internet technology has emerged. Besides that the availability of other jobs can also be checked via the internet as many vendors propagate the availability of jobs at their sites via it. Many people can now earn a living by earning over the internet in the form of e-busin ess, writing blogs etc. DQ2-Who owns the data? Privacy and/or security issues are inherent in large databases. Who owns the data about a particular person: medical, credit, personal, financial, consumer information, etc.? Support your position. The question referring to the ownership of data has been existent ever since the launch of databases. The dependence of man on computing machines for transactions related to monetary and personal details cannot be overlooked in this fast paced

Individual Report - Fast Food Case Context Essay - 1

Individual Report - Fast Food Case Context - Essay Example 2. The Economic Environment The Chinese Foodservices industry is currently valued at $366.9 billion USD and is expected to grow to nearly $500 billion USD by 2015 (New Zealand Trade & Enterprise 2012). Full service restaurants maintain approximately 75 percent market share in China, whilst fast food concepts maintain 25 percent market share in this industry. A recent study further revealed that approximately 50 percent of all Chinese consumers prefer eating in restaurant environments over that of home-cooked products, representing a potential market of a half billion consumers geographically dispersed throughout the country (Ganster 2006). This preference for external restaurant dining is fuelled by rising consumer incomes which have increased by nine percent in urban regions and 12 percent in rural areas (Censky 2012). There are ample market opportunities in China based largely on social trends of restaurant consumption that are favourable for launching a new fast food brand with su fficient incomes to consume under a moderately-priced business model. By 2020, it is estimated that total, national seafood consumption volumes in China will be at 35.9 kg/capita, fuelled by a strong consumer demand for seafood (Redfern Associates 2010). Market expansion into China will further require access to appropriate capital and credit to ensure adequate asset procurement and structuring of operations. In 2012, the country’s fiscal leadership injected nearly 58 billion USD into the economic system to stabilise currency exchange rates and fuel new corporate borrowing in the financial sector (Safe Trading 2013). This has opened avenues for support in foreign direct investment and improved the dynamics by which financial lenders evaluate loan generation to fuel economic growth through business development. However, there is a risk as it relates to the economic environment in China. As a product of the recession begun in 2008 that impacted international economies, Chinaâ⠂¬â„¢s efforts to stabilise the exchange rate led to rapid inflation in the food sector that has raised pricing along the foods supply chain (Ho 2011). Though inflationary costs provide opportunities to increase revenues by nearly 17 percent in the foods industry by superimposing higher pricing models to offset procurement costs, rising costs in a very complicated foods supply chain pose risks in a country where consumers are notoriously price-sensitive (Vangpeng 2012). Price-sensitive buyers represent the ability of consumer target groups to impose pricing transparency and leverage pricing demands. 3. Political Considerations Fortunately for the fish and chips brand, progressive changes to a more capitalistic model of government are providing new support for both domestic and foreign business development. Influence of the World Trade Organization has opened new distribution channels with much less stringent regulations and imposition of import/export tariffs that promote better int ernational trade (Areddy 2009). For the business desiring to establish a supply chain network utilising foreign seafood product farmers and distributors, rather than domestic suppliers, the government provides ample support in legislation to remove economic barriers that can complicate cost control. At the same time, the domestic supply chain for aquatic foods products is complicated and widely dispersed, but

Increase in cigarette tax would reduce the cigarette consumption

Increase in cigarette tax would reduce the cigarette consumption 5.0 Introduction The results of our analysis demonstrate that increase in cigarette tax would reduce the cigarette consumption or quit smoking among lower income smokers and heavily addicted smokers, thus it upheld the hypotheses four and five. However, the tax factor does not prove to be significantly related on younger smokers, female smokers and less educated smokers. Chapter 5 includes a summary description of descriptive and inferential analyses and discussion of major findings that validate our research objective and hypotheses. Next section provides the implications of our study toward the society. Following section will discuss several limitations that are apparent during the progress of the study, as well as to provide some recommendations for future research. Then, an overall conclusion of our entire study is presented at the end of this chapter. 5.1 Summary of Statistical Analysis The demographic profiles of respondents are analyzed when the data are collected. Smokers are categorized by different races, gender, smoking degree, education and age and the data is presented in pie charts. Besides, the central tendencies statistic of the variables is also calculated in the analysis. Cross tabulation tables are presented to show responses of each subgroup. Statistical method used in the inferential analysis is multinomial logistic regression. This statistical method presented the predictability relationship between the dependent and independent variables in the form of odd ratio [i.e. Exp(B)]. When the significant level is less than 0.05, the alternative hypothesis is accepted. In this research, alternative hypothesis for age, gender, and education level are rejected as these factor do not affect the likelihood of the responses towards cigarette tax. The alternative hypothesis for smoking degree and income level are accepted as the significant level is less than 0.05. Therefore, smoking degree and income level are more likely to predict a certain type of responses from the smokers. Multivariate analysis is also performed by inputting all independent variables as covariate factors in the SPSS program. Multivariate analysis is to ensure the relationship is not significantly affected by other independent variables. 5.2 Discussion of Major Finding Table 5.1: Summary of the Inferential Analysiss Results Hypothesis Result H1: Younger smokers are more likely to quit smoking than older smokers given cigarette tax increase. Rejected H2: Male smokers are more likely to give no response to cigarette tax increase than female smokers. Rejected H3: Highly educated smokers are more likely to quit smoking than less educated smokers given cigarette tax increase. Rejected H4: Lower income smokers are more likely to cut cost than higher income smokers given cigarette tax increase. Accepted H5: Heavy smokers are more likely to give no response to cigarettes tax increase than light smokers. Accepted Source: Developed for the research According to rational addiction theory in terms of the variable age, rational young smokers should be more likely to quit smoking given that their longer life remaining compared to older smokers and their comparatively lower income. Younger smokers who might develop lung cancer right now would lose much more (time) compared to an 80 years old smoker with lung cancer. Our empirical research does not confirmed this because we had shown that younger smokers are not more likely to quit/cut smoking than adult smokers. Past studies by Lewit and Coate (1982) and Sylvain (2007) also contradicted the result we had. The possible reason leading to this result might include the small number of young smokers in our sample. The alternative explanation is that since we perform our data collection in urban areas, young smokers tend to be more affluent, therefore they are not affected by increase in tax. Interestingly, Decicca, Kenkel and Mathios (2008) stated that since most smoking initiation start s during youth, therefore, the existing young smokers who quit/cut smoking due to taxes could be higher. The study also finds that gender is not a factor in determining the decision to cut/quit smoking given cigarette tax increase. However, rational addiction theory predicts female is more likely to cut down cigarette consumption due to traditionally being poorer than male. This contradiction happened because, we suspect, the income gap between the genders is fast closing. Therefore, any tax increase will not significantly create any reduced consumption of cigarettes among the women. Our finding is in line with the mixed results of previous literature. Chaloupka (1990) discovered that men are more likely to quit/cut smoking while Stehr (2007) found that women are more likely to quit/cut smoking. We find that education has little impact on the decision of smokers in response to cigarette tax increase. According to rational addiction theory, smokers with less education incur much cost than highly educated smokers for smoking because they have generally lower income. Our findings did not support rational addiction theory. Previous research by Madden (2007) partly supported our finding, he found that highly educated smokers are less responsive to cigarette tax. However, Tansels (1993) findings in Turkey (a middle income country) partly supported our conclusion. He found a positive and significant relationship between education and cigarette tax elasticity meaning that the higher the education, the higher the sensitivity towards cigarette tax a smoker will be. The reason behind is that highly educated smokers also tend to cut down smoking when taxed are raised, not because of the money issue, but because they are fearful of the health consequences. They have utilized the tax incr ease as the opportunity to go cold turkey. Therefore, when both higher education and lower education smokers choose to smoke less, none is more likely than the other. Lower income smokers are more likely to cut cost than richer smokers because the cost of continuing the habit of smoking is higher. Each RM increase in cigarette price will affect their quality of life, even creating shortages of money for childrens education, food and other daily expenses compounded to the future. This result conforms to previous research done by Biener et al. (1998) which says that poor smokers are 3 times as likely to either switch to cheaper brands of cigarettes or reduce consumption. Townsend et al. (1994) findings also brings forth similar conclusion. As expected, heavy smokers are more likely to give no response towards cigarettes tax increase than light smokers. Adjacent complementarity explains that within a certain time frame, the more a smoker smokes now, the more he would like to smoke in the future. Unless the pain of higher cigarette price is more than the pain of giving up the smoking addiction, smokers will tend to continue to smoke in the future. Previous research done by Lee (2008) does not conform to our findings. Lee et al. (2004) whose result shows that heavy smokers increase smoking consumption when tax is increased supported our result. Overall, the article that Biener et al. (1998) produced matches our results almost entirely. Other studies that contradict our result normally utilized national cigarette sales data. Therefore, their studies are not entirely comparable to our individualistic survey-based study. 5.3 Implications of the Study Whether cigarette tax effectively achieves the governments goal in reducing cigarette consumption is a significant issue that needs to be carefully considered from time to time in order to better determine the direction of future policies. Hence, identifying the effect of tax increases on cigarette consumption is an essential part for regulating proper governmental policies on the tobacco use. Generally, the progressive increase in cigarette tax rates may provide a powerful contribution toward the governments taxation policy which would boost the governments income tax revenue, as well as to improve economic efficiency of the country. In our study, we found that highly addicted and high income smokers do not respond to cigarette tax well. They still purchase same quantity of cigarettes. Therefore, government should devise a method of targeting cigarette taxes towards these groups of smokers to maximize tax revenue. According to Tsai et al. (2003), portions of extra revenue which was derived from the cigarette tax would be earmarked to the governments effort for implementing tobacco control program against the tobacco use such as anti-smoking media-campaigns. Still, other portion of the cigarette tax revenues would dedicate into funding healthcare for under-insured population, lung cancer research and other health related activities. Apart from that, our study also contributes to public health by identifying that education does not play a significant role in reducing consumption of cigarette due to taxes. This implies that our education system is not emphasizing the danger and health hazard of smoking. This, however, agrees with the rational addiction theory because highly educated people are likely to be wealthy. Therefore, they do not suffer as much because of tax increase. In contrast, wealthy people also suffer more because of health problems because they have much to enjoy in life (holidays, entertainment, longer life etc.) compared to low income smokers. Therefore, in devising a public health policy, our study implies that we should educate people on the danger of smoking while at the same time increasing cigarette tax so that in the end, the rich and the poor both smoke less. During the process of conceptual foundation, our research has contributed extensive amount of empirical evidence that have reviewed the relationships between various demographic and smoking degree factors and the response to cigarette tax increase. Through our study, we can better understand the effects of taxation on cigarette consumption which will result in different consumption patterns. For instance, smokers may cut cost either by reducing the number of cigarette they smoke or change to a cheaper brand, choose to quit smoking, or maintain their original level of consumption. According to the fundamental law of economics which specified that as the price of a product rises, the quantity demanded for that product would fall. However, we found that there is an exception to this most basic law of economics because of the nature of rational addiction. Since we viewed the cigarettes smoking as an addictive behaviour, therefore it could be expected that increasing cigarette tax would h ave smaller effect than normal product in reducing peoples consumption of cigarettes. Alternatively, increasing cigarette taxes too high and the government would risk creating a black market or the emergent of smuggled cigarette. 5.4 Limitations of the Study Limitation of this survey-based research is that smokers may not always do what they say they would do in the questionnaire. They may choose to answer quit smoking, cut cost in the questionnaire but may act to smoke next week, next month or some other dates. On the other hand, they may answer no response to cigarette tax but choose to quit smoking the next day. However, they are not necessarily been telling lies. It is just that future behavior is hard to predict even for smokers themselves especially those who are highly addicted to cigarettes. Warner (1978) had showed that self-reported consumption in questionnaire significantly underestimate the actual sales data taken at the national level. Apart from that, the small numbers of samples of young smokers age 11 and below may not be sufficient to produce any strong evidence for that age group. The reason for such low numbers is that it is illegal for them to smoke in Malaysia. Besides, retailers are not permitted to sell cigarettes to minors age 18 and below. Besides, comparably smaller numbers of female smokers compared to male smokers may have distorted the results. Female smokers are historically and nationally lower than male smokers. Therefore, each female smokers responses to cigarettes tax have larger impact per person to the end result as compared to individual male smoker. Wasserman, Manning, Newhouse and Winkler (1991) had observed that using individual level data may incorporate ecological bias into the study. There may be other variables affecting the tobacco use that are not incorporated into the determinant. Example might include, family size, social statuses of smokers and profession (e.g. doctors may possibly smoke less). Another example would be the existence of societal culture that disapproves the habit of smoking. The respondent going through the survey questionnaire cannot choose to answer the questionnaire in any other way than was included in the choices of answers. The smoker only can fill in their answer according to the objective answers set by the researcher beforehand and all the answer categories are based on nominal or ordinal. If the questionnaire is asking about question such as how would you response to a RM1 increase in cigarette price and the respondent wish to answer that he would quit for 1 month and only continue smoking if his income has increase accordingly, it is not possible. These will result in inaccurate result as the researcher has already set the chooseable answers, namely to quit smoking, cutting cost and choose not to respond. Another limitation of the research is that it does not consider smuggled cigarettes and cigarettes sold in tax free zone. Tsai et al. (2003) and Lee and Chen (2006) had proved in their studies that smokers tend to purchased smuggled cigarettes to avoid the high cost of legal cigarettes in Taiwan. Respondent who purchase tax-exempted cigarettes from these two sources may not be hurt by the tax and therefore our result will be biased towards No Response. Moreover, although we know that the main effect of rising price of cigarette due to tax would reduce smokers cigarette consumption but we do not know whether it is cigarette tax that has actually play an important role on the demand of cigarette. Perhaps the reason for reducing cigarette consumption may be due to some issues other than taxation policy such as concern over the health consequences of cigarette smoking since they know that smoking will lead to lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, etc. Another issue that could influence on the demand of cigarette may be the tobacco control policy, for example advertising restrictions or ban on smoking in public places, as well as anti-smoking media campaigns could induce smokers to quit/cut smoking as well. Besides that, law policy also plays a major effect on cigarette consumption which limit smoking in public place and restrictions on youth under 18 years old to purchase the tobacco products. Since there are a lot of other issues than t axation in affecting their smoking behaviour, therefore it is recommended that future research in those issues need to be conducted to verify its actual effects. The final limitation of our study is that we seek our respondent mainly in the Klang Valley area. Therefore, it may not truly represent the whole population in Malaysia. We know that Klang Valley populations are urban dwellers and the result may deviate a little if we include smokers from rural areas. Urban dwellers normally had higher education level and higher income level compared to non-urban dwellers. However, since majority of the smokers live in the city and most of the tax revenue collected comes from them, it is acceptable to neglect smokers from rural areas. All limitations are acknowledged but they do not detract from the significance of finding but merely provides platforms for future research. 5.5 Recommendations for Future Research As we use cross-sectional method in our research, we highly recommend future research on this topic conducted in the longitudinal method. Future researchers can conduct the research on the change of cigarette tax in Malaysia in the time period of few years or longer. It is similar to the way conducted by Hamilton, Levinton, Pierre, Grimard (1997) and Hanewinkel and Isensee (2007) in their studies. Based on our knowledge and finding, Malaysia has not conducted the research on this topic by this method. By conducting the study in longitudinal method, the result will be more accurate and reliable because this method can overcome the limitation of cross-sectional method as discussed in the first paragraph of limitation. Actually, there are even little research on the topic cigarette taxes itself in Malaysia. More research on this topic is highly recommended because the consumption behavior of Malaysian smokers may be different from overseas smokers. Many researches on the cigarette consumption were focused either on the effect of cigarette tax/price to the cigarette consumption such as Lee (2008) or the effect of anti-smoking campaign/health information on the cigarette consumption such as Warner (1977) and Lee and Chen (2008). Future researchers should find ways to integrate and study both the effect of cigarette tax and anti-smoking campaigns together on the cigarette consumption. This is because cigarette tax and health information do affect the cigarette consumption at the same time. The only difference between them is whether price or health information plays in a bigger role on the change of cigarette consumption. By studying the effect of cigarette tax and health information together on the cigarette consumption, the result can be more reliable and usable for government to implement its tobacco policy effectively and efficiently. Besides that, researchers can examine the fairness principle on the tobacco policy in Malaysia. Many researchers such Gospodinov and Ian Irvine (2009)) and Warner et al. (1995) had discussed the issues of fairness principle in the tobacco policy in their studies. One of the arguments is the tax imposed is unfair to lower income group. Lower income group often will consume lower priced or smuggled cigarettes when cigarette tax is increased as proved by Evans and Farrelly (1998), Farrelly, Nimsch, Hyland and Cummings (2004), and Tsai et al. (2003). Often, lower priced or smuggled cigarettes contain higher tar and nicotine substance. The consumers health will be more affected by smoking these types of cigarettes. Moreover, future research can focus on whether tax should be imposed based on the quantity of nicotine and tar instead of quantity of cigarette in Malaysia. The impacts of implementing tax based on quantity of nicotine and tar need to be researched and determined. Youth is the most valuable assets for the country. Future research can focus on the access of youth to cigarette or exposure to smoking environment/ habits in Malaysia. This type of research can provide important data and information to our country and the world since the younger generation of smokers has increased many folds throughout the world during the past century. More effective tobacco control program to the youth can be implemented based on the data and information. In addition, future research can focus on what is the optimal tax rate for cigarette in Malaysia and its impacts. 5.6 Conclusion Smoking has been a prevalent epidemic in the modern world. It remains one of the top killers of human on the 21st century. Fortunately, excise taxes on cigarettes continue to be our last line of defense against smoking and many countries including Malaysia has been increasing taxes on cigarettes for many years. In the beginning of our research, we had set out to answer the questions. We want to know given the socio-economic factors and addictions degree, whether it will affect the likely responses of fellow smokers following a significant increase in cigarettes tax. The principles of rational addiction theory predict that lower income, younger, low education, female and lightly addicted smokers are more likely to respond towards cutting down on smoking consumption and quitting altogether given a tax increase. Conducting a self-administered questionnaire survey in Klang survey with samples of 300 smokers, we have found out the following results. Gender, education and age do not affect the likely responses of fellow smokers. The reasons might be caused by relatively small samples, closing gaps of income between genders and tendency of highly educated smokers to cut down smoking due to health reasons. However, research found that low income smokers are more likely to cut cost. Highly addicted smokers are more likely to maintain same level of consumption. Both income and addiction factors is accurately predicted by the theory and previous research. Our research has wide implications. They include helping government devise better taxation policy, public health policy and smoking awareness campaigns. Besides, we have also contributed significant empirical data towards rational addiction theory. Limitations of this research includes incongruence between smokers actions and smokers intended action and ecological bias. Small samples for certain age group and the availability of smuggled cigarettes are among the limitations. Therefore, we highly recommend that future longitudinal research on cigarette taxation be conducted in Malaysia. Besides, research on the differential effect of taxation vs. anti-smoking campaign, fairness of cigarette taxation and access of youth towards cigarette can be conducted to supplement this research area. Overall, our research has been a success. Although the hardship we have encountered during the data collection process and data analysis process is painful, it is worth it and has paid off to the team. We hope that the result that we had produced is truly helpful to other researchers as well as to the society as a whole.

Hall High/Low Communication

Hall High/Low Context Communication In this essay I’d like to  express my opinion about Hall’s Context Communication. In general, in today's business relations, it's a small world after all. As more companies turn towards global markets, professionals are finding themselves in foreign locales, wheeling and dealing like never before. However, the key to effective communication between countries is an understanding of each other's culture, especially a working knowledge of how each society conveys meaning.First used by author Edward Hall, the expressions â€Å"high context† and â€Å"low context† are labels denoting inherent cultural differences between societies. High-context and low-context communication refers to how much speakers rely on things other than words to convey meaning. Hall states that in communication, individuals face many more sensory cues than they are able to fully process. In each culture, members have been supplied with specific †Å"filters† that allow them to focus only on what society has deemed important.In general, cultures that favor low-context communication will pay more attention to the literal meanings of words than to the context surrounding them. When individuals from high-context and low-context cultures collaborate, there are often difficulties that occur during the exchange of information. These problems can be separated into differences concerning â€Å"direction†, â€Å"quantity† and â€Å"quality. For example, employees from high-context cultures like China and France share very specific and extensive information with their â€Å"in-group members† (good friends, families, close coworkers, etc). In comparison, low-context cultures like the United States and Germany prefer to limit communication to smaller, more select groups of people, sharing only that information which is necessary. And now I’d like to speak in detail about the main features of each kind of Context Communication. High-Context CommunicationHall: â€Å"Most of the information is either in the physical context or initialized in the person. † * Knowledge is situational, relational * Less is verbally explicit or written or formally expressed * More internalized understandings of what is communicated (ex: â€Å"in-jokes†) * Often used in long term, well-established relationships * Decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face communication, often around a central, authoritative figure * Strong awareness of who is accepted/belongs vs. outsiders† Low Context Communication Hall: â€Å"The mass of information is vested in the explicit code [message]. † * Rule oriented * More knowledge is public, external, and accessible. * Shorter duration of communications * Knowledge is transferable * Task-centered. Decisions and activities focus around what needs to be done and the division of responsibilities. To draw the conclusion, once can say tha t communication is everything, so make sure you know not only  what  to say, but also  how  to say it!

Prosecuting Juveniles In Adult Court - 1510 Words

Prosecuting Juveniles in Adult Court Kimberly Washington Introduction to Statistics for Criminal Justice Ayana Conway, Ph.D., Assistant Professor September 30, 2013 Abstract This research paper will examine whether or not juveniles that commit violent crimes should be tried as an adult. Through research, I will establish an argument that children who commit the crimes of an adult should be punished as an adult. Data based on experience and observation detailing the number of juvenile offenders that are housed in adult prisons and jails, as well as the number of prisoners serving life sentences that were earned by committing violent crimes before the age of 15 will be included in this research paper. Finally, I†¦show more content†¦As the overwhelming majority of research studies show, the adult criminal justice system is not equipped to meet the needs of youth offenders at all stages of the process, from trial to sentencing options to incarceration. The findings of the research show that justice is not served by forcing juveniles through a system never intended to process youth and that transfer laws have exacerbated the problems they sought to address. Nunez and Tang disagree with both Hudson and Mason, Chapman, Chang and Simon with a study that shows that some jurors my lose neutrality when judging juveniles tried in adult courts, thus leaving the sanctions utilized irrelevant and the length of sentences longer, impeding the theory of hope presented by Hudson. Kupchik (2006) reports, â€Å"More than 70 people are currently serving life without the possibility of parole sentences for crimes they committed before age 15.† (p. 271) He discusses the effectiveness of subjecting juveniles to the more rigid model of criminal court instead of the less formal and more flexible structure of juvenile court in order to reduce class and race bias. 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